How is a food allergy defined?

A food allergy is defined as an immune response to a food that the body mistakenly perceives as harmful. When someone with a food allergy consumes a specific food, their immune system reacts by producing antibodies, most commonly immunoglobulin E (IgE), against that food. This response can lead to various symptoms, ranging from mild reactions, such as hives or digestive issues, to severe, life-threatening reactions known as anaphylaxis.

The definition emphasizes that the primary aspect of a food allergy is the role of the immune system in the reaction. Unlike food intolerances, which are typically related to digestion and do not involve the immune system, food allergies are distinctly characterized by this immune-mediated response. This clarification is crucial for understanding the implications of food allergies, including the need for avoidance of certain foods and possible emergency interventions in case of exposure.